Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers)
Publisher: Peytchinski, Gospodin Iliev
ISSN: 1312-773X (Online)
Issue: Volume 10, book 2, 2004
Subject Collection: Oral and Dental Medicine
Page: 61 - 127
Date of close: April 2005

CONTENTS:

The use of acoustic rhinometry in predicting outcomes after sinonasal and maxillo-facial fractures
D. Vicheva, V. Hristamyan

Posttraumatic pain syndrome: medical management
V. Hristamyan, D. Vicheva
Abstrakt
Introduction: Posttraumatic pain syndrome (PPS) may arise after individual experience of a life-threatening event. Symptoms consist of persistent reexperiencing of the event, avoidance of reminders of the event and social withdrawal.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to prove PPS after facial trauma.
Key words: pain, trigeminal neuralgia trauma maxillofacial region

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Clinical results after application of Vector - therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis
Å. Firkova
Abstract:
The aim of the present clinical study was to determine the differences in probing pocket depth in patients with chronic periodontitis after Vector – therapy. 33 patients with mild to moderate periodontitis were recruited in this study. After the baseline examination of the initial pocket probing depth all patients were treated by Vector System. Re-examinations were made 1, 3 and 6 months post therapy. The results showed significant reduction in this clinical parameter. We found that Vector – treatment is effective enough in the treatment regimen of patients suffering from chronic periodontitis.
Key words: Chronic periodontitis, Vector System, probing probing depth

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A STUDY OF THE THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES USED BY BULGARIAN DENTISTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF POSTEXTRACTION ALVEOLITIS
D. Kirova, Hr. Lalabonova
ABSTRACT
The authors investigate alveolitis as one of the commonest postextraction complications. The study was conducted by questionnaires obtaining information from the general dental practitioners in this country. Different clinical forms of the disorder are considered and the respective therapeutic approaches to its management (surgical, medicamentous or physical therapy) are analysed.
Key words: postextraction alveolitis, treatment

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THE INFRAORBITAL ANESTHESIA IN THE GENERAL DENTAL PRACTICE
Hr. Lalabonova, D. Kirova
ABSTRACT
The authors conducted a study of the use of infra-orbital anesthesia in the general dental practice. The stu-dy is questionnaire based obtaining information from the ge-neral dental practitioners in this country. After statistical analysis of the information the use of infraorbital anesthe-sia is analysed.
Key words: infraorbital anesthesia, use

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Bacterial microflora and antibiotics in infectious diseases in the oral and maxillo-facial region
D. Kirova, Hr. Lalabonova, D. Atanasov
ÀBSTRACT:
The authors make 10-years prospective study of the bacterial flora in infectious diseases in the oral and maxillo-facial region.The object of the study were 425 monocultures, which were tested for sensibility to antibiotics, used in Bulgaria. The most important of the isolated microorganisms were St. aureus, Str. viridans, Str. ß haemolyticus and E. colli. They give the highest sensibility to the Penicillines group and Chloramphenicola.
The authors recommend the penicillines antibiotics as a basic group in the treatment of these diseases. Although Chloramphenicola totally covers the isolated microflora, it should be used carefully, because of the serious side effects.
Key words: Bacterial flora, antibiotics, abscesses, maxillo-facial region.

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AESTHETIZING OF COMPLETE DENTURES
D. Slavchev, B. Pavlov, G. Todorov, V. Doshev
At today’s stage of development of dental practice, one shade of pink for all dentures is no longer acceptable. A high quality aesthetic restoration with complete dentures requires a colour scheme for the denture basis.
The physiological pigmentation caused by the melanin-containing cells is a common phenomenon with gingival tissues. In order to achieve a more precise and correct reproduction of colour nuances, it is necessary to develop a colour scheme with different shades of pink, used for choosing of material for dentures basis, which most precisely corresponds to the tissue colour of each patient.
A key moment in the aeasthetizing process of complete dentures is the dentures wax moulding.
Moulding of interdental papillae:
They can be simulated with a normal shape, atrophic, hyperatrophic, oedemic, depending on the aesthetic appearance we aim to achieve.
Moulding of marginal gingiva:
The vestibular surface of the tooth and the wax have to form an obtuse angle of 100º-110º.
Moulding of convexities, where tooth roots are projected - juga veolaria
The biggest convexity is for the canine, second biggest for the central incisor and the smallest is for the lateral incisor and the first premolar.
Key words: complete dentures, physiological pigmentation, aeasthetizing process

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A FIVE-YEAR CLINICAL RESEARCH ON MODEL CASTED MILLED DENTURES
D. Slavchev, V. Doshev
Today, the model casted dentures with milled elements are considered the most modern treatment of partial teeth loss, when irremovable constructions are impossible to make.
GOAL: With the present article we aim to monitor the state of the model casted milled dentures made by us in clinical aspect.
MATERIAL: Six patients: women – 3, men – 3, had three sets of upper and lower dentures made for them, two for the lower jaw and one for the upper jaw.
According to Kennedy’s classification, the separate cases fall into the following classes:
1. Class I – Case with bilateral distally unlimited defects, subclass “B” – 8.
2. Class II – Case with unilateral distally unlimited defect, subclass “B” – 1.
In the process of making the dentures with bilateral distally unlimited defects, we followed the linear stabilization principles, while in the second case with a unilateral distally unlimited defect, we ensured the denture firmness via a triangular stabilization.
We constructed the dentures in accordance with propedeutic and clinical principles for skeleton model casted dentures construction.
We used a combination of means for the telescopic attachment of the removable partial dentures to the remaining teeth. Laboratory milled interdent and overdent and a ready-made joint with a Teflon rider produced by Precise Line.
Key words: model casted dentures, milled elements

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STUDY OF THE SYMMETRY OF ALIGNED TEETH FOR UPPER COMPLETE DENTURES VIA A FRONTAL TELERADIOGRAPHY AND ORTHODONTAL METHODS AND CORRELATIONS
Dr. Slavchev, V. Doshev, G. Todorov
GOAL: To determine to what extent the aligned teeth for complete upper dentures are symmetrical to the selected frontal teeth.
MATERIAL: The study was conducted on the basis of the upper dentures of 25 randomly chosen patients from the Clinics of prothetic stomatology course, Faculty of Stomatology – Plovdiv.
The patients included 19 women and 6 men aged between 43 and 76 years.
METHOD:
On the final plaster model we lined with a water-resistant marker:
1. The ridges of alveolar arches
2. The line connecting the paratuberal spaces
3. The median line
The resulting graph we drew on a glass plate with a water-resistant maker and from there – on paper with a drawn coordinate system:
Axis X – coinciding with the paratuberal line;
Axis Y – coinciding with the median line
After positioning, we outlined the ridges of alveolar arches with a pencil. On this graph we measured the sagital size of the upper jaw, and we divided the received value into three identical parts, after that we dropped perpendiculars to the left and to the right. Thus, three fields were formed in the graph.
We took the measurements on the lines outlining the middle field. As a basis for our measurements, we used the right-handed half and the differences we reflected on the left with (+;-) and the value. For accuracy, we worked with calipers and the sizes are exact to a tenth of the millimeter.
The results received were entered in a table and processed statistically.
Key words: aligned teeth, complete dentures, symmetry

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LABORATOR STUDY OF THE TENSILE STRENGTH OVER TEMPORARY CEMENTS
Rusev, M., Todorov, G.
The laboratory study of the tensile strength over temporary cements is made.
Free-eugenol cements give higher values. These results give us the reason to suggest free- eugenol materials as better, reliable and firm cements for the temporary attachments(cementation).
Key words: tensile strength, temporary cements

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Phunctional moulding of individual custom “tray” with CERAPLAST
Todorov, G., Slavchev, D., Pavlov, B., Rusev, M.
The authors make the research which proves the role of the CERAPLAST wax for the construction of the custom “tray” allocated for total prosthesis in upper jaw.
The use of the “CERAPLAST” engages all of the anatomic structures and ensures the exact border moulding.By this way we achieved the good retention and stabilization of the total prosthesis in maxilla.
Key words: functional moulding, custom tray, ceraplas

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PROSTHETIC TREATMENT OF PATIENTS 10 YEARS AFTER FRACTURE OF THE UPPER JAW
M. Rusev, G. Todorov
The prosthetic treatment after fractures of the jaws is not easy task(1)
The bony architecture is changed, the inclination of the teeth axes are changed and these changes make obstacles these for the planning and realization of the effective prosthetic treatment.
Key words: upper jaw, fractures, prosthetic treatment

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Investigation of dentist’s opinion about possibilities of diagnosis and treatment methods in periodontal diseases
I. Dentist’s opinion about the diagnosis of periodontal diseases
Popova E., R. Stoilova, H. Osman
Abstract:
The answers of the questionnaire are quite unsatisfying, despite the fact that the participants are mostly experienced dentists with specialty.
Wide spread and easy to perform diagnostic methods are seldom used, mostly by the appropriate specialists. Their working offices are not well equipped and common medicines and instruments sometimes miss (including periodontal cards) though they are not expensive. Another reasons limits their diagnostic works.
The great importance of the periodontal diseases for maintaining dental health as well as the increase of these discuses should make the practicing dentists to quality additionally in the diagnostic area in order improve their therapeutic skills.
Êåy words: Dentist’s opinion, questionnaire, periodontal diseases, diagnosis

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Investigation of dentist’s opinion about possibilities of diagnosis and treatment methods in periodontal diseases
II. Dentist’s opinion about the therapy of periodontal diseases
Popova E., R. Stoilova, H. Osman
Abstract:
This investigation has much better results than the one that involved diagnostic methods. 87% of the experienced dentists which diagnose poorly periodontal diseases, cure them even using surgical techniques. The question is of the adequacy are the effect of this treatment arises immediately.
The indications of such treatment must be well judged even when the dentist is experienced and has a specialty. The corresponding specialists aim to the different therapeutic methods which are part of the complex treatment of the periodontal diseases. It is necessary for the practicing dentists to improve their qualification in treatment methods and accessories or tools.
Êåy words: Dentist’s opinion, questionnaire, periodontal diseases, therapy

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Associations of Sugar’s consumption, tooth brushing habits and risk for dental caries in preschool children
R. Stoilova, S. Petrova
Abstract:
Epidemiological study on the prevalence of dental caries of primary teeth in preschool children in relation to the type of sugars diet and tooth brushing habits were performed. There were studied 165 children, aged 4-6. The children were randomly selected from the kindergartens in Plovdiv (Bulgaria) whereas the dental status was clinically examined (dmft³1 – with caries; dmft=0 – caries free) according to the WHO criteria.
A direct individual inquiry was applied for primary data collection regarding frequency of consumption of selected sugary foods and tooth brushing frequency. For the statistical analysis of data, the percentage distribution, non-parametric methods and assessment of odds ratio were applied. The association of caries with sugar consumption (both in amount and frequency) was only present amount children whose teeth were brushed less than twice a day, with a fluoride toothpaste and chewing gum without sugar.
Key words: Dental caries, children, primary teeth, sugars/diet, tooth brushing habits, risk.

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INCIDENCE OF DENTAL CARIES (Is) ON FRONT MILK TEETH (i1, i2, c) IN CHILDREN AGED FROM 3 TO 8 IN PLOVDIV
Hr. Mateeva, R. Stoilova, E. Krumova, M. Kukleva, K. Indjova, K. Ivanova, R. Encheva, M. Georgieva, E. Ilieva, V. Kondeva, M. Dimitrova
Abstract: Òhe study was carried out on 1216 children aged 3 to 8 from the town of Plovdiv, selected at random, distributed in 3 almost equal in number groups according to their age. The study on (Is) of (i1 and i2) was carried out only on 3-6 year-old children. A single preventive check-up was done consistent with the requirements of WHO for a systematic research on caries. The incidence of dental caries was determined by means of the 5th year, and (Is) of (c) - up to the 7th year of age. (Is) is higher in the upper jaw compared to the lower jaw on all surface of the front deciduous teeth.
Key words: Incidence, front deciduous teeth, jaw, (Is), dental caries.

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Investigation among opinion dentists about treatment method in cases of pulpitis on teeth with incomplete apexogenesis
Petrova, S, R. Stoilova, V. Kondeva, M. Dimitrova
Abstract:
A survey is taking place among dentists in Plovdiv town and Plovdiv region. The subject of investigation is the preferred treatment method in cases of pulpitis on teeth with incomplete apexogenesis. The investigation is anonymous and includes questions concerning working experience, specialty in dentists and the preferred treatment in cases of pulpitis on teeth with incomplete apexogenesis.
The majority of the dentists consider the treatment in this case to be sophisticated by the treatment technique choice. The elder dentists prefer mortal methods (Ð<0,01), while the younger and still without specialty – vital pulp therapy (Ð<0,05).
The training of the last dentist generation is high level education to ensure it gives the required knowledge
Key words: pulpitis, teeth with incomplete apexogenesis, treatment methods, vital pulp therapy

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Incident during endodontic treatment
Hr. Mihailova, P. Stanimirov
Abstract: Foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial system are rare in adults. A case report on a broach aspirated to the trachea is presented.
The authors underline the necessity of immediate X rays for determination the position of the instrument.
They emphasize that all the rules concerning endodontic treatment must be observed in order to prevent such incidents.
Key words: endodontic instrument, trachea, emergency

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ORAL-GLANDULAR TYPE OF TULAREMIA. A CASE OF RARE PRIMAR AFFECT
P. Stanimirov
ABSTRACT: Tularemia is acute infectious disease caused by Francisella tularensis. The disease was forgotten in the last decades and it was almost impossible to be seen in the everyday practice. The primary affect located in oral cavity and facial region is rarely seen and it is hard to be found in the literature specialized in pathology.
A case of oral glandular type of Tularemia in 60 years old man is described with photo demonstration of the primary affect and tularemic lymphadenitis in the neck region.
Key words: Tularemia, Lymphadenitis, oral pathology, oral cavity, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, head and neck surgery.

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COEXISTENCE OF VERRUCOUS AND SQUAMOUS CELL ORAL CANCER. ANALYSIS OF 29 CASES
P. Stanimirov, A. Bobeva
ABSTRACT: Background. Real verrucous carcinoma is a locally invasive and non-metastatic other form of squamous cell carcinoma. Verrucous carcinoma represents 5% of squamous oral cancer.
AIM: The aim of this study to assess the frequency of coexistence of verrucous and squamous oral carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 29 patients with oral verrucous carcinoma, treated between 1990 and 2003 and clinicopathologic features were evaluated.
RESULTS: The male: female ratio was 3:1. Absolute verrucous carcinoma was found in 14 (63.6%) cases. Coexistence was found in 8 (36.3%) cases.
DISCUSSION:
Squamous cancer component determines worse biological behaviour and prognosis.
In all cases of oral verrucous carcinoma , squamous carcinoma must be sought for in the entire tumorous tissue. The presence of coexistence is a factor, which must be considered in the therapeutic approach and influences prognosis.
Key words: verrucous carcinoma, head and neck neoplasms, oral cavity carcinoma.

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CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON TONGUE CANCER OVER A PERIOD OF 13 YEAR
P. Stanimirov
Abstract: 225 cases with tong cancer were studied for the period between 1990-2003.
Date were reported, about the incidence, distribution according age and sex and also aboult the T-stage, and the predilective localisation
Key words: oral cancer, tongue, incidence

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MODERN TENDENCY OF COMPLEX CANCER THERAPY
A. Kisselova-Janeva, D. Todorov, K. Todorov
Summary: In the current article we discuss modern tendency of complex cancer therapy.
The future development of oncology is based on drug treatment, which is a new method of treatment with a dynamic development.
There are presented: general pharmacodynamics and pharmacokynetics of oncodrug’s; the significant indications, contraindications; side and toxic effects and the new strategy of complex drug treatment.

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INTRAORAL RETROALVEOLAR X-RAY TECHNIQUES – ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Yovchev D. T. , Kishkilova D. D.
ABSTRACT:
The intraoral techniques are widely used in the routine stomatology diagnostic – assessment of treatment and follow-up. Knowledge of different kind of x- ray techniques is in close connection with good results and radiation safety for patients, technicians and dentists. The authors take a review about different intraoral retro alveolar techniques, their advantages and disadvantages.
Keywords: x-ray techniques, advantages, disadvantages

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