 |
Publisher: Peytchinski Publishing Ltd.
ISSN: 1312-773X (Online)
Issue: 2021, vol. 27, issue1
Subject Area: Medicine
-
DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2021271.3593
Published online: 23 February 2021
Review article
J of IMAB. 2021 Jan-Mar;27(1):3593-3597
TOWARDS ACTIVATION OF THE EMPATHIC RESOURCES DURING TERMINAL CARE – AN ART AND/OR A NECESSITY?
Vanina Mihaylova1, 2
, Mariana Liochkova2, Iliya Bivolarski3, Miglena Tarnovska2, Dimitar Shopov4, Adolf Alakidi5,
1) Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria.
2) Department of Healthcare Management, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
3) Department of General and Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Medicine Faculty, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
4) Department Health Management and Economy of Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
5) Department of Epidemiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria.
ABSTRACT:
A brief historical-analytical review of the origin, essence, and development of empathy has been made. The theoretical measurements in the study of the empathic ability are subject to special attention. On the basis of topical definitions of the concept, the application of the approach in different spheres of life, and more specifically in medical practice, has been discussed. The types of communicative behavior in primary medical practice have been differentiated. A theoretical, applied method of communication intervention within the framework of operationalization and scaling of the empathic interaction is proposed. On the basis of the assumption of a genetically determined property of co-experience, the preconditions for the establishment of optimal interpersonal context upon exchange of information between the physician and the patient and making medical decisions have been outlined.
Led by the so systematized and analyzed models and considering the specification of the transformed and activated empathic resources in cases of terminal conditions, an attempt has been made for the presentation of an extensive type of empathic interaction, applied in palliative medicine. The outlining of key messages in cases of terminal conditions in the specified model is complex and at the same time an open, dynamic process, requiring adaptation and enrichment with parameters of religious, ethnical and social nature, and other factors of psychological, spiritual and bio-ethical type in the complex interactive space of palliative medicine.
Keywords: empathic interaction, co-experience, palliative medicine, terminal conditions,
- Download FULL TEXT /PDF 547 KB/
Please cite this article as: Mihaylova V, Liochkova M, Bivolarski I, Tarnovska M, Shopov D, Alakidi A. Towards Activation of the Empathic Resources During Terminal Care – an art and/or a Necessity? J of IMAB. 2021 Jan-Mar;27(1):3593-3597. DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2021271.3593
Correspondence to: Vanina Mihaylova, PhD, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria; E-mail: vanina_delfi@abv.bg
REFERENCES:
1. Еkman P. Gefühle lesen. Wie Sie Emotionen erkennen und richtig interpretieren. [In German]. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 2010. [Internet]
2. Körner J. Einfühlung: Über Empathie. Forum Psychoanal. 1998 Mar 1;14(1):1-17. [Crossref]
3. Badea L, Pana NA. The Role of Empathy in Developing the Leader’s Emotional Intelligence. Theoretical & Applied Economics. 2010 Feb 1;17(2-543):69-78. [Internet]
4. Lawrence EJ, Shaw P, Baker D, Baron-Cohen S, David AS. Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient. Psychol Med. 2004 Jul;34(5):911-9. [PubMed] [Crossref]
5. Segal EA. Social empathy: A model built on empathy, contextual understanding, and social responsibility that promotes social justice. J Soc Serv Res. 2011 Apr 29;37(3):266-77. [Crossref]
6. Bratitsis T, Ziannas P. From Early Childhood to Special Education: Interactive Digital Storytelling as a Coaching Approach for Fostering Social Empathy. Procedia Comput Sci. 2015; 67:232–240. [Crossref]
7. Bratitsis T, Bardanika P, Ioannou M. Science education and augmented reality content: the case of the water circle. In: 2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT) 2017 Jul 3. pp. 485-489. [Crossref]
8. Kilova K. Studying the style of learning in bachelor's and master's programs after graduating from the Medical University of Plovdiv using the David Kolb's method. International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, 2019; 7(Iss-1, Spl. Iss-2): 25-27. [Internet]
9. Davis MH. Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1983 Jan;44(1):113-126. [Crossref]
10. Spreng RN, McKinnon MC, Mar RA, Levine B. The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Scale development and initial validation of a factor-analytic solution to multiple empathy measures. J Pers Assess. 2009 Jan;91(1):62-71. [PubMed] [Crossref]
11. Rogers CR. A Theory of Therapy, Personality, and Interpersonal Relationships: As Developed in the Client-centered Framework. McGraw-Hill. 1959. [Internet]
12. Rogers C. Psychothérapie et relations humaines: Théorie de la thérapie centrée sur la personne. ESF Sciences Humaines; 2016 Nov 21.
13. Wilmer HA. The doctor–patient relationship and the issues of pity, sympathy and empathy. Br J Med Psychol. 1968 Sep;41(3):243-8. [PubMed] [Crossref]
14. Beck RS, Daughtridge R, Sloane PD. Physician-patient communication in the primary care office: a systematic review. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2002 Jan-Feb;15(1):25-38. [PubMed]
15. Schurz M, Radua J, Tholen MG, Maliske L, Margulies DS, Mars RB, et al. Toward a hierarchical model of social cognition: A neuroimaging meta-analysis and integrative review of empathy and theory of mind. Psychological Bulletin. 2020 Nov 5. [PubMed] [Crossref]
16. Shea S, Lionis C. The call for compassion in health care. The Oxford handbook of compassion science. 2017 Sep 26:41-9. [Crossref]
17. Lenton-Brym AP, Moscovitch DA, Vidovic V, Nilsen E, Friedman O. Theory of mind ability in high socially anxious individuals. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2018 Sep 3;31(5):487-99. [PubMed] [Crossref]
18. Roter DL, Stewart M, Putnam SM, Lipkin M. Jr, Stiles W, Inui TS. Communication patterns of primary care physicians. JAMA. 1997 Jan 22-29;277(4):350-6. [PubMed]
19. Rebensburg Ch. [Gefuhlsbezogene und empathische Interaktion in der Sprechstunde des Hausarztes und seine Diagnostik psychischer und psychosomatischer Erkrankungen.] [in German] [Dissertation] Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf. 2009. [Internet]
20. Mihaylova-Alakidi V. [Negative information during communication with patient - management approaches] Social Medicine Magazine (SocMed, Sofia), Issue 3/2012:55-58. [in Bulgarian]
21. Buckman R, Kason Y. How to Break Bad News: A Guide for Health Care Professionals. 1st Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press. July 1, 1992. [Internet]
22. Kubler-Ross E. Interviews mit sterbenden. Kreuz-Verlag. 1977. [Internet]
23. Kilova K, Uzunova S. Telemedicine in assistance to healthcare in the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Medica Bulgarica. 2020, 47(4):63-68 [Crossref]
24. Kilova K, Milkov D, Kitova T, Mateva N. Trends in the use of information and communication technologies in the field of healthcare - a literary review. Knowledge - International Journal, 2019; 31(4):1181-1187. [Internet].
Received: 30 December 2019
Published online: 23 February 2021